来源：《今日心理学》
原文刊登日期：2021年1月5日
文本适合做完型填空的选文
A home is where we store our belongings, invite friends for meals, fall asleep each night, and share moments of laughter and tears, silence and intimacy. As the vessel for so many facets of life, what psychological role does this structure play?
家是我们存放物品、邀请朋友吃饭、每晚入睡、分享欢笑和泪水、沉默和性生活的地方。作为生命如此多方面的容器，这种建筑在心理上扮演什么角色？
“A home is our shell, our sense of place, and our sense of identity,” says Charles Figley, Chair in Disaster Mental Health at Tulane University. It holds experiences, stores memories, and evokes contemplation. It’s a reprieve from the chaos of the world, providing a sense of security.
“家是我们的外壳，是我们的位置感，是我们的身份感，”杜兰大学灾难心理健康系主任查尔斯·菲格利说。家保存经验，储存记忆，唤起沉思。家是对世界混乱的一种解脱，提供了一种安全感。
Pioneering psychologist Abraham Maslow developed an influential model of human motivation conceived as a hierarchy of needs. At the base of the pyramid lies physiological needs, to simply breathe, eat, and sleep. Once those needs are met, people are motivated to secure safety. Next comes love and belonging, esteem, and finally, self-actualization. Without meeting the needs at the base of the pyramid, such as shelter, people aren’t equipped to progress toward meaning and fulfillment.
心理学先驱亚伯拉罕·马斯洛提出了一个有影响力的人类动机模型，它被认为是一个需求层次结构。金字塔的底部是生理需求，即简单的呼吸、进食和睡眠。一旦这些需求得到满足，人们就会有动力去确保安全。接下来是爱和归属感，尊重，最后是自我实现。如果不能满足金字塔底部的需求，比如住所，人们就无法实现人生的意义和成就感。
“The loss of a home is damaging to the sense that you can go on to be productive and accomplish your goals, because you don't have a place where you can take care of your own body,” says Frances Boulon, a psychologist at the University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras. “It's a devastating experience.”
波多黎各大学里奥·皮德拉斯分校的心理学家Boulon说：“失去一个家会破坏你继续工作和实现目标的感觉，因为你没有一个地方可以照顾自己的身体。这是一种毁灭性的经历。”
The safety of home is even wrapped into our biology. In our evolutionary past, humans felt safe when another person or dog was keeping watch, allowing the body to switch from a vigilant state to a calm one, says Stephen Porges at Indiana University. Today, the home is the physical structure where we feel safe enough to fall asleep, eat and digest, and be intimate with others. Without it, the body enters that threatened state, leading to the possibility of a destabilized nervous system and resulting symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, or depression. Says Porges: “For most people, the home is a metaphor of embodied safety.”
家庭的安全甚至已经融入到我们的生理中。印第安纳大学的斯蒂芬·波格斯说，在过去的进化过程中，当有其他人或狗看守时，人类会感到安全，让身体从警惕状态切换到平静状态。今天，家是一种实体建筑，在这里我们可以安心入睡、进食、消化，并与他人发生性关系。没有家，身体就会进入威胁状态，导致神经系统不稳定，并导致创伤后应激障碍、焦虑或抑郁的症状。Porges说：“对大多数人来说，家是一种体现安全的隐喻。”