来源：《新科学家》
原文刊登日期：2021年3月4日
本文适合做完型填空的选文
Over one-sixth of all food produced globally ends up thrown away, a UN analysis has found. Around 931 million tonnes of food went into the waste bins of households, retailers, restaurants and other food services in 2019.
联合国的一项分析发现，全球超过六分之一的粮食最终被扔掉。2019年，大约9.31亿吨食品进入了家庭、零售商、餐馆和其他食品服务机构的垃圾箱。
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and UK charity WRAP, which promotes sustainability, looked at food waste in retail outlets, restaurants and homes by reviewing government data and academic studies across 54 countries with a mix of incomes.
联合国环境规划署(UNEP)和致力于促进可持续发展的英国慈善机构WRAP，通过审查来自54个不同收入国家的政府数据和学术研究，研究了零售商店、餐馆和家庭中的食物浪费。
Their joint 2021 Food Waste Index Report found that 17 per cent of all food produced is thrown away by consumers. Most of this waste – 11 per cent of total food – occurs in homes. Globally, the average person throws away 121 kilograms of food, with 74 kg of this happening within households.
他们联合发布的《2021年粮食浪费指数报告》发现，消费者丢弃了生产的所有粮食的17%。其中大部分浪费(占总食物的11%)发生在家庭中。全球平均每人扔掉121公斤食物，其中74公斤发生在家庭内部。
Food waste isn’t just a problem in high-income countries, the report found. On average, the annual per capita food waste in homes is 79 kg in high-income countries versus 91 kg in lower middle-income countries.
报告发现，食物浪费不仅仅是高收入国家的问题。平均而言，高收入国家的家庭每年人均食物浪费为79公斤，而中低收入国家为91公斤。
The report included both edible and non-edible waste, such as bones or vegetable peelings that must be thrown away. Lower middle-income countries may have higher per capita food waste because food is more often prepared from scratch, which might increase inedible food waste.
该报告包括了可食用和非可食用的废物，如必须扔掉的骨头或蔬菜皮。中低收入国家的人均食物浪费可能更高，因为更多的食物是从零开始准备的，这可能会增加不可食用的食物浪费。
“A lot more data on edible and non-edible food waste in households is needed, especially in lower middle-income countries,” says a spokesperson for UNEP.
联合国环境规划署的一位发言人说：“需要更多关于家庭食用和非食用食物浪费的数据，特别是在中低收入国家。”
Food losses pre and post-harvest and food waste by consumers has a substantial impact on the environment and climate change, making up around 9 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions. It also increases demand on land for agriculture and raises water use.
消费者在收获前后的粮食损失和粮食浪费对环境和气候变化产生重大影响，约占全球温室气体排放的9%。它还增加了对农业用地的需求，增加了水资源的使用。
UN figures show that 690 million people go to bed hungry, a number expected to rise sharply as a result of the coronavirus pandemic, and 3 billion people can’t afford a healthy diet.
联合国的数据显示，6.9亿人饿着肚子上床睡觉，由于新冠大流行，这一数字预计将急剧上升，30亿人负担不起健康饮食。
Reducing food waste is vital and all individuals have a part to play, says Richard Swannell at WRAP. “Rather than focussing on supply chains, we need to tackle food waste inside homes with behaviour change campaigns,” he says.
WRAP的Swannell说，减少食物浪费至关重要，每个人都可以发挥作用。他说：“我们需要通过行为改变运动来解决家庭内的食物浪费，而不是关注供应链。”