来源：《卫报》
原文刊登日期：2021年5月9日
A new report by the UN makes horrifying reading. A global survey of 901 journalists from 125 countries found that female journalists across the world are under unprecedented levels of attack. The intent, says the UN, is to belittle, induce fear and ultimately discredit female reporters; and to undercut public trust in critical journalism and facts.
联合国的一份新报告令人震惊。一项对125个国家的901名记者进行的全球调查发现，全世界的女记者受到前所未有的攻击。联合国说，其目的是贬低、引起恐惧并最终抹黑女性记者；削弱公众对批评性新闻和事实的信任。
The statistics are shocking. Nearly three-quarters of those surveyed had experienced online hostility of some sort, while a quarter had been threatened with sexual violence and death; the likelihood of attack increased greatly if the women belonged to a minority. Incidents included personal details spilled on to the internet; finances hacked, families harassed and intimidated and employers sent doctored photos. A fifth reported being subsequently attacked or abused offline.
统计数字令人震惊。近四分之三的受访者曾经历过某种形式的网上敌意，四分之一的人曾受到性暴力和死亡的威胁；如果这些女性属于少数族裔，则受到攻击的可能性大大增加。事件包括个人信息泄露到互联网上；财务遭到黑客攻击，家庭受到骚扰和恐吓，雇主被发送修改过的照片。五分之一的人报告说随后在线下时遭到攻击或辱骂。
About 2.5m threatening posts were directed at just two women including Maria Ressa of the Philippines. She was at one point receiving 90 hate messages an hour on Facebook alone. Ghada Oueiss, an Al Jazeera Arabic presenter, gets at least one death threat every day she is on air. In Northern Ireland, reporter Patricia Devlin has received multiple death threats. Last year she lodged an official complaint against the police for a “complete failure” to properly investigate a threat to rape her baby. The UN says only 11% of female journalists went to the police.
大约250万个威胁性帖子是针对两名女性的，其中包括菲律宾的玛丽亚·瑞萨。她一度仅在Facebook上每小时就收到90条仇恨信息。半岛电视台阿拉伯语节目主持人Oueiss每天在直播时都会收到至少一次死亡威胁。在北爱尔兰，记者帕特里夏·德夫林收到了多次死亡威胁。去年，她向警方提出正式投诉，称警方“完全没有”对强奸她孩子的威胁进行适当的调查。联合国表示，只有11%的女记者报警。
The UN did not ask men about their experiences, but it is instructive that a 2016 study of 70m comments left on the Guardian’s website found that of the 10 most abused writers, eight were women; the two men were black, and one was also gay.
联合国没有询问男性新闻工作者的经历，但值得注意的是，2016年对《卫报》网站上7000万条评论进行的一项研究发现，在10位受辱骂最严重的作者中，有8位是女性，这很有启发性；剩余两位男性是黑人，其中一个还是同性恋。
It is depressing how organised the abuse often is. But what it most striking is how frequently it is not only tolerated at the highest levels, but incited from there – from Rodrigo Duterte, president of the Philippines, musing that journalists are not exempt from assassination, to Donald Trump’s attacks on specific reporters. Nearly 40% of survey subjects identified “political actors” as the sources of attacks. The amplifying effect of the rightwing media cannot be discounted.
令人沮丧的是，这种辱骂行为往往是有组织的。但最令人震惊的是，它不仅经常受到最高层的容忍，而且还经常受到最高层的煽动——从菲律宾总统罗德里戈·杜特尔特认为记者不能免于暗杀，到唐纳德·特朗普对特定记者的攻击。近40%的调查对象认为“政治行动者”是攻击的来源。右翼媒体的放大效应不容忽视。
Given the continuing reluctance of social media platforms to take responsibility, victims are forced to block or mute messages themselves, “potentially compounding the effects of the abuse”. How should societies protect reporters?
鉴于社交媒体平台持续不愿承担责任，受害者被迫自己屏蔽或关闭信息提醒，“可能会加剧辱骂的影响”。社会应该如何保护记者？
The report’s authors make 28 sensible recommendations, from increased global cooperation to rapid response units run by social media platforms. It calls for governments to act against officials who engage in gendered online violence and make social media firms more accountable.
报告作者提出了28条明智的建议，从加强全球合作到社交媒体平台运营的快速反应部门。它呼吁各国政府对参与性别网络暴力的官员采取行动，并让社交媒体公司承担更多责任。
Anti-press trolling, especially that directed at women, is a form of hate speech, intended to silence and intimidate. At least a third of female journalists, say the UN, reported self-censorship. The chilling effect of mob censorship cannot be underestimated and must be urgently addressed, with a view to stopping and rolling back its harmful spread.
反媒体恶意挑衅，特别是针对女性的恶意挑衅，是一种仇恨言论，旨在使她们沉默和恐吓她们。联合国称，至少有三分之一的女记者报道了自我审查。暴民审查制度的寒蝉效应不可低估，必须紧急加以解决，以期阻止和遏制其有害传播。