本文节选自今年的普利兹克奖的获奖通告，普利兹克奖被誉为“建筑界的诺贝尔奖”。
Anne Lacaton and Jean-Philippe Vassal, of France, have been selected as the 2021 Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureates, announced Tom Pritzker, Chairman of The Hyatt Foundation, which sponsors the award that is known internationally as architecture’s highest honor.
凯悦基金会主席汤姆士·普利兹克今天宣布，来自法国的安妮·拉卡顿和让-菲利普·瓦萨尔荣获2021年度普利兹克建筑奖。该奖项由凯悦基金会赞助，是国际上公认的建筑界最高荣誉。
“Good architecture is open—open to life, open to enhance the freedom of anyone, where anyone can do what they need to do,” says Lacaton. “It must be something familiar, useful and beautiful, with the ability to quietly support the life that will take place within it.”
“好的建筑应该是开放的——对生活开放，为提升人们的自由度而开放，让任何人都能够在其中做自己要做的事情。”拉卡顿说：“它应当是熟悉、实用和美观的，并且能够静静地为在其中每天发生的日常生活提供支持。”
Through their design of private and social housing, cultural and academic institutions, public spaces, and urban developments, Lacaton and Vassal reexamine sustainability in their respect for pre-existing structures, conceiving projects by first taking inventory of what already exists. By prioritizing the enrichment of human life through a lens of generosity and freedom of use, they are able to benefit the individual socially, ecologically and economically, aiding the evolution of a city.
通过他们设计的私人住宅、社会住宅、文化和学术机构、公共空间以及城市开发方案，拉卡顿和瓦萨尔对既有建筑保有敬畏之心，重新审视了其可持续性——他们在进行项目构想时，首先会盘点业已存在的事物。他们从空间宽裕度和使用自由度的视角出发，优先考虑丰富人类生活，因而能够在社会、生态和经济这三个维度上让个人从中受益，并有助于城市的演进。
The architects increase living space inexpensively, through winter gardens and balconies that enable inhabitants to save energy and access nature during all seasons. Latapie House (Floirac, France 1993) was their initial application of greenhouse technologies to install a winter garden that allowed a larger residence for a modest budget. The east-facing transparent panels on the back side of the home allow natural light to illuminate the entire dwelling, enlarging its indoor communal spaces from the living room to the kitchen, and enabling ease of climate control.
两位建筑师借助冬季花园和阳台，以低廉的成本增加了居住空间，使居住者一年四季都能节约能源并亲近自然。拉达匹住宅（法国弗卢瓦拉克，1993年）是他们对温室技术的首次应用，所搭建的冬季花园以适度的预算获得了更大的居住空间。房屋背面朝东的透明面板让自然光照亮了整个住宅，将室内公共空间从客厅扩大到厨房，让室内气候变得易于控制。
On a grander scale, Lacaton and Vassal transformed La Tour Bois le Prêtre (Paris, France 2011), a 17-story, 96-unit city housing project originally built in the early 1960s. The architects increased the interior area of every unit through the removal of the original concrete front wall, and extended the space of the building to form bioclimatic balconies. This framework was similarly applied to the transformation of three buildings, consisting of 530 apartments, at Grand Parc (Bordeaux, France 2017). The transformation resulted in a dramatic visual reinvention of the social housing complex, the modernization of elevators and plumbing, and the generous expansion of all units, some nearly doubling in size, without the displacement of any residents and for one third of the cost of building new.
在更大的尺度上，拉卡顿和瓦萨尔对普雷特大楼进行了改造（法国巴黎，2011年），这是一幢始建于1960年代初期的17层城市住房项目，共有96套公寓。建筑师通过拆除原有的混凝土外墙扩大了每套住宅的室内面积，并使整座建筑物的轮廓向外扩展，营造出生物气候阳台。与此类似的框架还应用到了他们的另一个项目——对位于大公园街区内，由530套公寓组成的三座建筑进行改造（法国波尔多，2017年）。经过改造，这个社会住宅建筑群实现了戏剧性的视觉重塑，还对电梯和管道进行了现代化改良，所有公寓的面积都得到显著扩大，其中一部分公寓的体量几乎翻了一番。不仅没有任何原有居民因此流离失所，而且其成本只有拆除重建的三分之一。
Adhering to a rule of “never knock down”, Lacaton and Vassal undertake restrained interventions to upgrade dated infrastructure while allowing enduring properties of a building to remain. Rather than filling and losing the void of the AP2, a postwar shipbuilding facility at the shoreline of a waterfront redevelopment project, the architects chose to erect a second building, identical in shape and size to the first. They used transparent, prefabricated materials, resulting in unhindered views through the new to the old. The original landmark, designated for public programming, and the newer structure, FRAC Nord-Pas de Calais (Dunkerque, France 2013), housing galleries, offices and storage for the regional collections of contemporary art, can function independently or collaboratively. They are connected by an internal street located in the void between the two structures.
秉承“永不拆毁”的戒律，拉卡顿和瓦萨尔采取有节制的干预措施对过时的基础设施进行升级，同时保留建筑物历久弥坚的特质。在敦刻尔克海滨区重建项目中，AP2是海岸线上一座战后造船工厂，相较于填满所有空间而失去建筑留白，建筑师们选择复制一座与其形制、体量相同的建筑。借助透明的预制材料，由新建建筑望向原有建筑，保持着畅通无阻的视野。这座原有的地标建筑被用于公共规划，而新建的北加莱海峡大区现代艺术基金会中心（法国敦刻尔克，2013年）内设画廊、办公室和用于保存该地区当代艺术藏品的仓储空间，两者可以独立运作或共同发挥功用。它们通过位于两个结构空隙间的一条内部通道连接在一起。
They established their practice, Lacaton & Vassal, in Paris in 1987, and have completed over 30 projects throughout Europe and West Africa.
他们于1987年在巴黎成立了拉卡顿和瓦萨尔建筑师事务所，并在欧洲和西非等地区完成了30多个项目。