来源：《自然》
原文刊登日期：2022年5月18日
In 2020, the European Commission announced that its research-grant recipients would need to incorporate analyses of sex and gender in their study design. This could include disaggregating data by sex when examining cells, or considering how a technology might perpetuate gender stereotypes. Back then, Nature wrote that this was a significant step and urged other funders to follow suit. At the same time, we said that publishers, too, have a role in encouraging sex and gender reporting. The responsibility does not lie only with funders.
2020年，欧盟委员会宣布，其研究资助的受助人将需要在他们的研究设计中纳入性别分析。这可能包括在检查细胞时按性别对数据进行分类，或者考虑一项技术可能如何延续性别刻板印象。当时，《自然》杂志写道，这是一个重要的步骤，并敦促其他资助机构效仿。与此同时，我们说过，出版商也在鼓励性别报告方面发挥着作用。责任不仅仅在于资助机构。
Some journals have encouraged reporting of sex and gender analyses for years, and the number of research studies that include such data has increased substantially in the past decade. But gaps remain — especially insufficient reporting of data disaggregated by sex and gender.
多年来，一些期刊一直鼓励报告性别分析，在过去十年中，包含这类数据的研究数量大幅增加。但是差距仍然存在——特别是按性别分列的数据报告不足。
To remedy this, from now on, researchers who submit papers to a subset of Nature Portfolio journals will be prompted to state whether and how sex and gender were considered in their study design, or to indicate that no sex and gender analyses were carried out, and clarify why. They should note in the title or abstract if findings apply to only one sex or gender.
为了弥补这一点，从现在开始，向《自然》杂志子刊提交论文的研究人员将被提示说明在他们的研究设计中是否以及如何考虑了性别，或者表明没有进行性别分析，并阐明原因。如果研究结果只适用于一种性别，则应在标题或摘要中注明。
They will also be asked to provide data disaggregated by sex and gender, and informed consent for reporting and sharing individual-level data has been obtained. The changes apply to studies with human participants, on other vertebrates or on cell lines, in which sex and gender is an appropriate consideration.
论文作者还将被要求提供按性别分类的数据，并已获得报告和分享个人级别数据的知情同意。这些变化适用于对人类参与者、其他脊椎动物或细胞系的研究，在这些研究中，性别是一个适当的考虑因素。
In addition, from 1 June, four journals — Nature Cancer, Nature Communications, Nature Medicine and Nature Metabolism — will be raising awareness of the updated recommendations in letters to authors and reviewers during peer review. The aim here is to improve understanding of the degree to which sex and gender reporting is already part of study design, data collection and analysis in the research these journals publish. The journals will also evaluate author and reviewer reception of the changes so that we can iterate on them as we learn through experience.
此外，从6月1日起，四个子刊——《自然癌症》、《自然通讯》、《自然医学》和《自然代谢》——将在同行评审期间，通过给作者和审稿人的信函，提高对最新建议的认识。在这些期刊发表的研究中，性别报告已经成为研究设计、数据收集和分析的一部分，这里的目的是提高作者和审稿人对这些变化程度的理解。这些期刊还将评估作者和审稿人对这些变化的反应，这样我们就可以通过经验进行迭代。
The new measures are needed because research is still mostly failing to account for sex and gender in study design, sometimes with catastrophic results. Between 1997 and 2001, ten prescription drugs were withdrawn from use in the United States; eight of these were reported to have worse side effects in women than in men. These differences had probably been missed, in part, because of insufficient or inappropriate analysis of data on sex differences during clinical trials.
新措施是必要的，因为研究在研究设计时仍然大部分没有考虑到性别，有时会带来灾难性的结果。1997年至2001年间，美国有10种处方药被停用；据报道，其中八种药物对女性的副作用比男性更严重。这些差异可能被遗漏了，部分原因是在临床试验期间对性别差异数据的分析不足或不适当。
By introducing these changes, we aim to promote transparency in study design and, ultimately, make findings more accurate. Over time, we hope to see integration of sex and gender analysis in study design by default.
通过引入这些变化，我们旨在提高研究设计的透明度，最终使研究结果更加准确。随着时间的推移，我们希望看到默认情况下将性别分析纳入研究设计。