来源：《新科学家》
原文见刊日期：2022年7月2日
On 24 June, the US Supreme Court repealed Roe v Wade, the 1973 ruling that protected the right to an abortion. The decision was forecast in May when a leaked draft was released. After the official ruling, protests broke out across the US.
6月24日，美国最高法院撤销了1973年判决的保护堕胎权利的罗伊诉韦德案。今年5月，一份泄露的意见书草稿被公布时，人们就预测到了这一结果。在这一裁决正式发布之后，美国各地爆发了抗议活动。
The repeal is based on a case challenging a Mississippi abortion ban, which was upheld in a 6-3 vote by Supreme Court justices. They then voted 5-4 to overturn Roe v Wade. Writing for the majority opinion, justice Samuel Alito said: “The Constitution does not prohibit the citizens of each State from regulating or prohibiting abortion.”
罗伊案的废除是基于对密西西比州堕胎禁令的挑战，最高法院大法官以6比3的投票结果维持了该禁令。随后，他们以5比4的投票结果推翻了罗伊诉韦德案。大法官塞缪尔·阿利托代表多数派在意见书中写道：“宪法并不禁止各州公民管理或禁止堕胎。”
It will now fall to each state to decide. Thirteen states had “trigger laws” ready to ban the procedure once Roe was overturned; some of these are already in effect. In others, they will be enacted after 30 days or once signed off by an official. Several other states have abortion restrictions that were in place before 1973 that may now be enforced.
现在堕胎权将由各州自行决定。13个州有“触发法”，准备在罗伊案件被推翻后禁止堕胎手术；其中一些州的触发法已经生效。在其他州，触发法将在30天后通过，或经官员签字后通过。其他几个州在1973年之前就有堕胎限制，现在可能会强制执行。
“Without Roe, 26 states are certain or likely to ban abortion to the fullest extent possible,” said Herminia Palacio at the Guttmacher Institute, a reproductive rights research group, in a statement. Six in 10 US women aged 13 to 44 live in one of these 26 states.
生殖权利研究机构古特马赫研究所的埃米尼亚·帕拉西奥在一份声明中说：“Roe案失效后，有26个州肯定或可能会最大限度地禁止堕胎。”年龄在13岁至44岁的美国女性中，60%生活在上述26个州之一。
In a dissenting opinion, Supreme Court justices Elena Kagan, Sonia Sotomayor and Stephen Breyer wrote: “With sorrow – for this Court, but more, for the many millions of American women who have today lost a fundamental constitutional protection – we dissent.” Their opinion states that this decision undermines bodily autonomy: “It says that from the very moment of fertilisation, a woman has no rights to speak of.”
在一份不同意见中，最高法院大法官埃琳娜·卡根、索尼娅·索托马约尔和斯蒂芬·布雷耶写道：“我们持不同意见，为最高法院感到悲哀，但更多的是，为今天失去基本宪法保护的一亿多美国妇女感到悲哀。”他们的意见书指出，这一判决破坏了身体的自主权：“多数票意见书说，从受精的那一刻起，女性就没有发言权。”
A survey conducted in March 2022 found that 61 per cent of people in the US say abortion should be legal in all or most circumstances. For those who say abortion should be against the law in most or all cases, 46 per cent say exceptions should be made if the health or life of the woman is threatened.
2022年3月进行的一项调查发现，61%的美国人认为在所有或大多数情况下堕胎应该是合法的。对于那些认为堕胎在大多数或所有情况下都应该是违法的人，46%的人说如果妇女的健康或生命受到威胁，就应该例外。
“Abortion is still going to be accessible in nearly half the country and we need to make sure patients are aware of that,” says Gabriela Aguilar, a doctor in New York. She says doctors and organisations are dedicated to getting people to states where abortions are still legal and providing medications for self-managed abortions. “We’re devastated, we’re disappointed, but we will persevere.”
纽约的一名医生加布里埃拉·阿吉拉说：“堕胎在全美近一半的地方仍能进行，我们需要确保患者意识到这一点。”她说，医生和各种组织致力于将人们带到堕胎仍然合法的州，并提供自主流产的药物。“我们极为难过，我们很失望，但我们会坚持下去。”
In response to the historic ruling, US attorney general Merrick Garland said in a statement that women must remain free to travel to states that provide abortion and people or organisations must be able to inform and counsel others about reproductive care available in other states.
作为对这一历史性裁决的回应，美国司法部长梅里克·加兰德在一份声明中表示，女性必须保有前往提供堕胎服务的州的自由，个人或组织必须能够告知和建议他人其他州提供的生殖保健服务。
He also said that states cannot ban mifespristone, a medication for self-managed abortion, which is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
他还说，各州不能禁止米非司酮，这是一种经美国食品和药物管理局批准的用于自主流产的药物。
However, what is and isn’t legal in terms of abortion advice, travel and medication is now unclear in many states, and many legal challenges are expected in coming weeks and months.
然而，在许多州，堕胎建议、堕胎旅行和堕胎药物方面哪些合法哪些不合法现在还不清楚，预计未来几周和几个月将面临许多法律挑战。