新科学家 | 男性在夏天可能吃得更多,因为阳光使他们更饿


来源:《新科学家》

原文刊登日期:2022年7月11日


Winter may be seen as the time to fill up with comfort food, but in fact, the sunny summer months are when men eat more calories – unlike women.

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冬天可能被认为是吃安慰食物的时候,但事实上,不像女人,男人在阳光明媚的夏天会摄入更多卡路里。


The effect may occur because sunlight makes the skin release an appetite-stimulating hormone called ghrelin, says Carmit Levy at Tel Aviv University in Israel.

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以色列特拉维夫大学的卡米特·列维说,这种效果的产生可能是因为阳光使皮肤释放一种名为胃饥饿素的刺激食欲的激素。


Levy and her team noticed the unexpected effect in experiments in mice that investigated mechanisms behind skin cancer, in which male animals exposed to UV light ate more food.

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列维和她的团队在研究皮肤癌机理的小鼠实验中注意到意想不到的效果,暴露在紫外线下的雄性小鼠吃得更多。


To see if humans do the same, the researchers used existing data on about 3000 people who had filled in detailed dietary questionnaires as part of the Israeli government’s regular national health and nutrition survey. Between March and September, men consumed about 17 per cent more calories per day than they did during the rest of the year, while women’s food intake stayed about the same.

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为了看看人类是否也会这样,研究人员使用了约3000人的现有数据,这些人填写了详细的饮食问卷,是以色列政府定期进行的全国健康和营养调查的一部分。在3月到9月之间,男性每天摄入的热量比一年中的其他时间多17%,而女性的食物摄入量基本不变。


Human appetite is influenced by many complex systems, but a substance called ghrelin seems to be the only hormone that directly stimulates eating. It was thought to be mainly produced by the stomach when empty. “It tells the brain to eat more,” says Caroline Gorvin at the University of Birmingham, UK.

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人类的食欲受许多复杂机制的影响,但一种叫做胃饥饿素的物质似乎是唯一直接刺激进食的激素。它被认为主要是胃空时分泌的。“它告诉大脑要吃得更多,”英国伯明翰大学的卡洛琳·戈文说。


Further investigation of the effect in animals revealed that exposing male mice to UVB radiation, which is present in sunlight, raised levels of ghrelin secretion by fat cells in their skin. This was blocked by the female sex hormone oestrogen, which may explain why the effect wasn’t seen in the female mice or the women.

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对动物的进一步研究表明,将雄性小鼠暴露在阳光中的中波紫外线辐射中,会提高其皮肤脂肪细胞分泌的胃饥饿素水平。这一过程被雌激素阻断,这也许可以解释为什么在雌性老鼠或女性身上看不到这种效应。


Boosted ghrelin secretion was also seen in skin samples that were taken from men and exposed to UV light in the lab. Gorvin says the skin hadn’t previously been thought to play a role in appetite. “If it’s real, it’s quite exciting,” she says.

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在实验室紫外线照射下的男性皮肤样本中,也发现了胃饥饿素分泌增加的现象。戈文说,以前人们并不认为皮肤对食欲有影响。她说:“如果这是真的,那就太令人兴奋了。”


It is unclear why the effect happens, but it may be a adaptive response to fuel greater physical activity in summer, says Levy. “The skin is the largest organ of the body, so it makes sense that this huge organ can sense the environment, sensing that there is UV now, that now is the time to go out.”

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列维说,目前还不清楚这种效应发生的原因,但它可能是一种适应反应,为夏季更多的身体活动提供燃料。“皮肤是人体最大的器官,所以这个巨大的器官可以感知环境,感觉现在有紫外线,现在是时候出门了。”


The team hasn’t investigated whether the higher food intake makes men gain weight.

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研究小组还没有调查过多的食物摄入是否会导致男性体重增加。




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