来源：《自然》
原文刊登日期：2022年7月14日
The state of Hawaii has set up a new way to manage the mountain Maunakea, the summit of which is home to many world-class astronomical observatories. A law signed by Hawaii’s governor on 7 July removes the University of Hawaii from its role as the main authority overseeing the land on which the telescopes sit, and gives that responsibility to a newly established group with much broader representation of the community, including Native Hawaiians.
夏威夷州已经建立了一种新的方式来管理毛纳基亚山，该山的山顶是许多世界级天文台的所在地。7月7日，夏威夷州长签署了一项法律，取消了夏威夷大学作为监督望远镜所在地的主要机构的职责，并将这一职责赋予了一个新成立的团体，该团体在社会中有更广泛的代表性，包括夏威夷原住民。
Many hope that the shift will mark a path forwards for astronomy in Hawaii, after a years-long impasse over the future of telescopes on Maunakea. Since 2015, some Native Hawaiians have intermittently blocked the road to the summit, primarily to prevent the start of construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) — a next-generation observatory that will have a huge light-gathering mirror to make astronomical discoveries. The sit-ins sparked wide-ranging discussions about the rights of Indigenous peoples to have a say in managing lands that are sacred to them but that have been used for purposes including science.
许多人希望，在经历了数年关于毛纳基亚望远镜未来的僵局之后，这一转变将为夏威夷的天文学事业指明一条前进的道路。自2015年以来，一些夏威夷原住民断断续续地封锁了通往山顶的道路，主要是为了阻止开始建造30米望远镜（TMT）——这是下一代天文台，将有一个巨大的聚光镜来进行天文发现。静坐引发了广泛的讨论，讨论的主题是原住民在管理对他们来说是神圣的、但被用于科学等目的的土地方面拥有的话语权。
The new Maunakea authority will include Native Hawaiians in decisions about how the mountain is managed, with an emphasis on mutual stewardship and protecting Maunakea for generations to come. The authority will have 11 voting members, one of whom must be an active practitioner of Native Hawaiian cultural traditions, and one of whom must be a descendant of a cultural practitioner who is associated with Maunakea. There are also spots for representatives drawn from astronomy, education, land management, politics and other fields.
新的毛纳基亚管理机构将让夏威夷原住民参与有关如何管理这座山的决策，重点是相互管理和世世代代保护保护毛纳基亚山。该机构将有11名投票成员，其中一名必须是夏威夷本土文化传统的活跃人才，还有一名必须是与毛纳基亚有关的文化人才的后代。此外，还有来自天文、教育、土地管理、政治等领域的代表。
“I’m very hopeful for the new entity,” says Noe Noe Wong-Wilson, a Native Hawaiian elder who has helped to lead road blocks on the mountain. “It is beyond my imagination of where we would be at this time, because we have fought so long to be heard.”
“我对新的实体充满希望，”Wong-Wilson说，她是一名当地的夏威夷老人，帮助在山上领导设置路障。“这超出了我的想象，因为我们已经战斗了这么长时间，才让人们听到我们的声音。”
The University of Hawaii has managed most of the lands around the Maunakea summit since 1968, when the state granted it a 65-year lease to operate a scientific reserve focused on astronomy. Maunakea has ideal skies for astronomical observation, given its 4,200-metre height and its stable and dark night skies. The university now has to transfer all of its management duties, including a complex set of subleases, permits and other agreements, to the new authority by 1 July 2028. “There’s a tremendous amount of change that’s cued up and uncertainty associated with that,” says Doug Simons, director of the university’s Institute for Astronomy.
自1968年以来，夏威夷大学一直管理着毛纳基亚山顶周围的大部分土地，当时该州授予这所大学一份为期65年的租约，以管理一个以天文学为重点的科学保护区。毛纳基亚山海拔4200米，夜空稳定而黑暗，是天文观测的理想天空。现在，夏威夷大学必须在2028年7月1日前将其所有管理职责，包括一系列复杂的转租、许可和其他协议，移交给新的管理机构。“这引发了巨大的变化，并带来了不确定性，”夏威夷大学天文研究所所长道格·西蒙斯说。