来源：《Science》
原文见刊日期：2022年3月18日
Targets of academic bullying sometimes despair about the lack of institutional support they receive. Even when universities take a firm stance against perpetrators, it is very difficult to disrupt the dependency of the target on the bully. Institutions must put policies in place to allow targets to extricate themselves and their work from the perpetrator without compromising their careers.
学术霸凌的对象有时会因为得不到学术机构的支持而感到绝望。即使大学对施暴者采取了坚定的立场，也很难打破被欺凌者对欺凌者的依赖。学术机构必须制定相关政策，允许受害者在不影响其职业生涯的情况下，将自己和工作从施暴者手中解脱出来。
To address the issue of academic bullying, many recommendations focus on punishing perpetrators (e.g., prohibiting the known bullies from leading labs), which is in line with domestic abuse legislation in some countries. However, simply removing the bully does not protect the target from their influence. Another common solution is to transfer targets to another lab, but many targets do not perceive this as a viable option; after years trying to pursue their research goals, changing labs would mean losing their projects, associated publications, and access to letters of recommendation, which can be career-breaking for early-stage academics.
为了解决学术霸凌问题，许多建议侧重于惩罚肇事者(例如，禁止已知的霸凌者进入一流实验室)，这与一些国家的家暴立法是一致的。然而，简单地清除欺凌者并不能保护被欺凌者免受欺凌者的影响。另一个常见的解决方案是将被欺凌者转移到另一个实验室，但许多被欺凌者并不认为这是一个可行的选择；在多年努力追求他们的研究目标之后，更换实验室将意味着失去他们的项目、相关的发表和获得推荐信的机会，这可能会打破早期学者的职业生涯。
The scientific community must implement policies that grant targets of bullying independence. For example, if the allegations of bullying behaviors are validated (e.g., through confirmation by institutional investigation committees), institutions can grant the targets the rights to the lab’s data, allowing them to publish. Institutions can also ban the perpetrators from submitting letters of recommendation for targets and designate others, such as department chairs, to write such letters instead. Medical students, PhD students, and postdocs should have the right to independently pursue research and publication projects when supervisors are known to engage in bullying behaviors. This would serve as a fail-safe for situations in which the career success of the target would otherwise be contingent on staying in a bully’s group.
科学界必须实施政策，给予欺凌对象独立的权利。例如，如果欺凌行为的指控得到证实(例如，通过学术机构调查委员会的确认)，学术机构可以授予被欺凌者对实验室数据的权限，允许他们发表。学术机构也可以禁止欺凌者为欺凌对象提交推荐信，并指定其他人，如系主任，来代写推荐信。当导师有欺凌行为时，医学生、博士生和博士后应该有独立从事研究和发表项目的权利。当被欺凌者的职业成功取决于是否留在欺凌者的团队中时，这将成为一种安全措施。
Granting bullying targets these rights would allow them to protect their mental health without sacrificing their professional success. If lab members knew that they could continue their work independently, they would likely tolerate fewer bullying behaviors. Empowerment would lower the bar to reporting inappropriate behavior as well. Protecting targets is crucial to stemming the tide of academic bullying behavior.
给予欺凌对象这些权利将使他们能够在不牺牲职业成功的情况下保护自己的心理健康。如果实验室成员知道他们可以独立地继续工作，他们可能会更少容忍欺凌行为。授权也会降低举报不当行为的门槛。保护欺凌对象对于遏制学术霸凌行为的浪潮至关重要。