来源：《洛杉矶时报》
原文刊登日期：2022年12月7日
本文适合2024考生
Federal officials on Tuesday held their first-ever wind energy lease auction off the West Coast, with dozens of companies competing to build floating wind farms off the California coast that could one day power more than 1.5 million homes.
周二，联邦官员举行了有史以来首次西海岸风能租赁拍卖会，数十家公司争相在加利福尼亚海岸建造浮动风力发电场，有朝一日可为150多万户家庭提供电力。
It’s the type of project California will increasingly have to pursue to generate enough carbon-free electricity to meet its climate and energy targets. California’s goal is to cut greenhouse gas emissions 40% below 1990s levels by 2030, reach 90% renewable electricity sales by 2035 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2045.
加州将越来越多地追求这种类型的项目，以产生足够的无碳电力，达到其气候和能源目标。加州的目标是到2030年将温室气体排放量相较1990年代减少40%，到2035年可再生能源电力销售达到90%，到2045年实现碳中和。
Transforming an economy that is largely powered by oil, gas and other fossil fuels will mean a lot of new renewable energy construction to meet electricity demand that’s expected to increase by 76% by 2045 as people switch to zero-emission vehicles and appliances.
转变主要由石油、天然气和其他化石燃料驱动的经济，将意味着大量新的可再生能源建设，以满足电力需求，预计到2045年，随着人们转向零排放汽车和零排放电器，电力需求将增长76%。
By 2045, California will have to quadruple its capacity to generate power from the sun and wind. And we’ll need to build many more battery storage systems that will be crucial during hot summer evenings when the sun goes down but demand for air conditioning lingers.
到2045年，加州的太阳能和风能发电能力必须增加四倍。我们还需要建造更多的电池存储系统，这在炎热的夏夜至关重要，那时太阳已经下山，但对空调的需求仍然存在。
This raises uncomfortable tensions because it will almost certainly mean opening up vast amounts of land to solar and wind farms, including areas with sensitive wildlife habitat.
这引发了棘手的紧张局势，因为这几乎肯定意味着要向太阳能和风力发电场开放大量土地，包括有敏感野生动物栖息地的地区。
But there are other options worth exploring as well that could ramp up renewable electricity in a thoughtful way, without gobbling up sensitive land and harming the environment in the process.
但也有其他值得探索的选择，可以以一种周到的方式增加可再生电力，而不会吞噬敏感土地，并在此过程中损害环境。
For example, the Los Angeles City Council is looking into installing solar panels over the Los Angeles Aqueduct, which supplies the city with water from the Owens River, to generate electricity while reducing the amount of water lost to evaporation. Some farmers in Colorado and California’s San Joaquin Valley have begun growing shade-loving crops in rows lined with solar panels, or converting drought-stricken agricultural fields into solar farms entirely.
例如，洛杉矶市政府正在考虑在洛杉矶引水渠上安装太阳能电池板发电，同时减少因蒸发而损失的水。洛杉矶引水渠从欧文斯河向该市供水。科罗拉多州和加利福尼亚州圣华金河谷的一些农场主已经开始种植喜欢遮阴的作物，成排地安装太阳能电池板，或者将严重干旱的农田完全改造成太阳能发电厂。
And don’t forget the millions of home and business rooftops, parking lots and other built-out, but underutilized, spaces that can be outfitted with solar panels. Even better, they could be paired with batteries that charge during the day and discharge after the sun sets.
别忘了数以百万计的家庭和企业屋顶、停车场和其他建成但未充分利用的空间，这些空间可以配备太阳能电池板。更好的是，它们还可以搭配白天充电、日落后放电的电池。