来源：《华盛顿邮报》
原文刊登日期：2023年2月20日
When the tantalizing concept of an “information superhighway” first appeared in 1993, it was held out as rivaling the railroads and airlines in revolutionizing and connecting the world. In many ways, it has, creating previously unimaginable opportunities for journalists to have their work reach a global audience. But a report published Feb. 14 by the International Center for Journalists shows in graphic terms that the internet also created dark alleys of hate, misogyny and violence aimed at female journalists.
1993年，当“信息高速公路”这一诱人的概念首次出现时，被认为可以在革新和连接世界方面与铁路和航空公司相媲美。在许多方面，互联网为记者创造了以前难以想象的机会，让他们的作品面向全球受众。但国际记者中心2月14日发布的一份报告以图形形式显示，互联网也制造了针对女性记者的仇恨、厌女和暴力的黑暗小巷。
The ICFJ report details two case studies involving online threats against Rana Ayyub, a courageous investigative journalist in India, and Ghada Oueiss, a no-nonsense Al Jazeera Arabic anchor. The studies examined about 13 million tweets involving Ms. Ayyub that were sent between Dec. 12, 2019, and March 1, 2022, and more than 150,000 tweets involving Ms. Oueiss sent between Sept. 3, 2021, and March 1, 2022, as well as other disturbing evidence.
国际记者中心的报告详细介绍了两个案例研究，涉及针对印度勇敢的调查记者拉娜·阿尤布和半岛电视台严肃的阿拉伯语主播加达·乌伊斯的网络威胁。这些研究检查了2019年12月12日至2022年3月1日期间发布的涉及阿尤布的约1300万条推文，以及2021年9月3日至2022年3月1日期间发布的涉及乌伊斯的超过15万条推文，以及其他令人不安的证据。
Ms. Ayyub is known for her undercover investigation of the Gujarat riots of 2002, in which some 800 Muslims were killed, and extrajudicial killings implicating the current Indian prime minister, Narendra Modi, who was then chief minister of Gujarat, and his associates. Today, “an army of trolls” from Mr. Modi’s ruling Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party “threaten Ayyub at scale; on a daily basis,” the report says. Her sharp criticism of the BJP and Hindu nationalism trigger “viral smear campaigns” that target her “at a deeply personal level,” threatening death and rape; they are “deeply misogynistic.” The attack creates a major risk of “morphing into physical violence,” the report says, and is intended to “undercut public trust in her journalism.”
阿尤布因秘密调查2002年的古吉拉特邦骚乱而闻名，那次骚乱中约有800名穆斯林被杀，以及涉及现任印度总理、时任古吉拉特邦首席部长的纳伦德拉·莫迪及其同伙的法外处决。如今，来自莫迪领导的印度教民族主义执政党印度人民党的“喷子大军”“每天大规模威胁着阿尤布，”报告说。她对印度人民党和印度教民族主义的尖锐批评引发了“病毒式的抹黑运动”，这些运动针对她“深刻的个人层面”，威胁要杀死她和强奸她；他们“极度厌恶女性”。报告说，这些攻击造成了“演变为肢体暴力”的重大风险，目的是“削弱公众对她的新闻工作的信任”。
Twitter “is the main vector” for the attacks, and the platform “has utterly failed to protect the journalist,” the report says. The online strafing comes “at a very high speed, sometimes within seconds of her posting a tweet” and is “highly unusual,” possibly signaling “coordinated campaigns of abuse.”
报告称，推特是这些攻击的“主要载体”，该平台“完全未能保护记者”。网上的谩骂“速度很快，有时在她发推特几秒钟之内”，而且“非常不寻常”，可能表明“有协调的诋毁行动”。
Ms. Oueiss, too, is subject to this relentless abuse for her hard-hitting reporting. “Over one third of the clear personal abuse we detected being directed at Oueiss on Twitter over a six-month period was misogynistic, sexist or sexually explicit,” the report says. “She lives in fear of ending up like her brutally murdered colleague Jamal Khashoggi,” who received “online threats prior to his assassination in 2018,” the report says. Forty-seven percent “of the abuse hurled at Oueiss in our dataset is designed to discredit her professionally,” which the authors said was the highest in seven case studies they have made of gender-based online violence.
乌伊斯也因为她的尖锐报道而受到这种不停的辱骂。报告称：“在过去六个月的时间里，我们在推特上发现的针对乌伊斯的明显人身攻击中，有超过三分之一是厌女、性别歧视或性露骨的。”报告称，“她生活在恐惧中，害怕最终像她被残忍杀害的同事贾马尔·卡舒吉那样”，后者在2018年被暗杀前收到了“网上威胁”。“在我们的数据集中，对乌伊斯的辱骂有47%是为了在职业上败坏她的声誉”，作者说，这一比例是他们对基于性别的网络暴力进行的七个案例研究中最高的。
Exposing these smear campaigns to public view is just a first step. Next, Twitter and other platforms should redouble their efforts to filter out and block the flood of abuse aimed at these fine journalists. To recover at least some of the high-road aspirations of the early internet age, the roving crowd of trolls and haters should be identified and banished.
将这些抹黑运动暴露在公众面前只是第一步。接下来，推特和其他平台应该加倍努力，过滤和阻止针对这些优秀记者的辱骂。为了至少恢复一些早期互联网时代的崇高愿望，应该识别和驱逐那些四处游荡的喷子和仇恨者。