超纲词
heretical：[həˈretɪkl]，(与某一宗教教义严重不合的)异端的，异教的。
heresy：[ˈherəsi]，宗教异端。
heliocentrism：日心说。
After Galileo built his telescope in 1609, he began mounting a body of evidence and openly supporting the Copernican theory that the earth and planets revolve around the sun. The Copernican theory, however, challenged the doctrine of Aristotle and the established order set by the Catholic Church.
1609年伽利略建造望远镜之后，开始收集大量证据，并公开支持哥白尼的理论，即地球和行星围绕太阳旋转。然而，日心说挑战了亚里士多德的学说和天主教会所确立的秩序。
In 1613, Galileo wrote a letter to a student to explain how Copernican theory did not contradict Biblical passages, stating that the Bible was written from an earthly perspective and implied that science provided a different, more accurate perspective.
1613年，伽利略给一名学生写信，解释哥白尼理论如何与圣经段落不矛盾，他说圣经是从世俗的角度写的，并暗示科学提供了一种不同的、更准确的角度。
The letter was made public and Church pronounced Copernican theory heretical. In 1616, Galileo was ordered not to “hold, teach, or defend in any manner” the Copernican theory. Galileo obeyed the order for seven years, partly to make life easier and partly because he was a devoted Catholic.
这封信被公诸于众，教会宣布哥白尼理论是异端邪说。1616年，伽利略被命令不得“以任何方式坚持、教导或捍卫”哥白尼学说。伽利略服从该命令达7年之久，部分是为了让生活更轻松，部分是因为他是一位虔诚的天主教徒。
In 1623, a friend of Galileo, Maffeo Barberini, was elected as Pope Urban VIII. He allowed Galileo to pursue his work on astronomy and even encouraged him to publish it, on condition it be objective and not advocate Copernican theory. This led Galileo to publish Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems in 1632, which advocated the theory.
1623年，伽利略的朋友，马菲奥·巴贝里尼被选为教皇乌尔班八世。他允许伽利略继续天文学研究，甚至鼓励他出版，条件是要客观，不提倡哥白尼理论。这使得伽利略在1632年出版了《关于两大主要世界体系的对话》，宣扬了日心说。
Church reaction was swift, and Galileo was summoned to Rome. Galileo’s proceedings lasted from September 1632 to July 1633. During most of this time, Galileo was treated with respect and never imprisoned.
教会的反应很快，伽利略被传唤到罗马。伽利略的诉讼从1632年9月持续到1633年7月。在大部分时间里，伽利略受到尊重，从未被监禁。
However, in a final attempt, Galileo was threatened with torture, and he finally admitted he had supported Copernican theory, but privately held that his statements were correct. He was convicted of heresy and spent his remaining years under house arrest.
然而，教会最后用酷刑威胁伽利略，伽利略屈服了，承认他支持哥白尼理论，但私下里却坚持他的说法是正确的。他被判犯有异端邪说罪，并在软禁中度过余生。
In time, however, the Church couldn’t deny the truth in science. In 1758, it lifted the ban on most works supporting Copernican theory. It wasn't until 1835 that the Vatican dropped its opposition to heliocentrism altogether.
然而，随着时间的推移，教会无法否认科学的真理。1758年，它取消了对大多数支持哥白尼理论的著作的禁令。直到1835年，梵蒂冈才完全放弃反对日心说。