来源：《波士顿环球报》
原文刊登日期：2021年6月23日
文章结构
第一段：在医学界，女性从业者数量已经超过男性。
二三段：但医学界的高阶职位依然由男性主导。
第四段：女医生比男医生业务水平更高，且更受患者欢迎。
第五段：但女医生却遭到不公平对待，更少的薪水、科研经费，遭到更多的骚扰等。
第六段：促进医学界男女公平，需要解救哪些问题。
For the thousands of new female physicians starting internships this month, there’s good and bad news. The good news is that there are more women in medicine than ever before. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, in 2017, for the first time, more women than men entered medical school, and since 2019 women have slightly outnumbered men overall. In specialties such as obstetrics and gynecology and pediatrics, more than two-thirds of current residents are women. Even in traditionally male-dominated fields such as surgery, the percentage of female trainees is growing.
对于本月开始实习的数千名女医生来说，有好消息也有坏消息。好消息是，医学领域的女性比以往任何时候都多。根据美国医学院协会的数据，2017年进入医学院的女性人数首次超过男性，自2019年以来，女性总数略高于男性。在妇产科和儿科等专科，目前超过三分之二的住院医师是女性。即使在传统上男性占主导地位的领域，如外科手术，女性受训者的比例也在增长。
The bad news is that these numbers aren’t translating into leadership positions. Medical school professors, hospital presidents and department chairs, and CEOs of health care systems are still mostly men by large margins. Women who are members of minority groups are even less likely to occupy these prestigious posts. And it’s not that women haven’t had time to catch up. As one discouraged young female physician asked recently on Twitter:
坏消息是，这些数字并没有转化为领导职位。医学院教授、医院院长、科室主任和医疗保健系统的首席执行官仍然大部分是男性。少数族裔的女性更不可能担任这些有声望的职位。女性领导少也并不是时间的问题。正如一位气馁的年轻女医生最近在Twitter上问道:
“In 1993 42% of entering med students were women. I was 8 years old. We’ve said this 1000 times but I still wonder where all those years went and where are those women now — why aren’t they my bosses!”
1993年，进入医学院的学生中有42%是女性。那时我8岁。我们已经说过1000次了，但我仍然想知道这么多年过去了，这些女人现在去哪了——为什么她们不是我的老板!
Why indeed? Two studies in recent years suggest that patients treated by female physicians may have better outcomes than those treated by men. One showed that the patients of female physicians are more likely to survive heart attacks and another demonstrated that they’re less likely to die or be readmitted within 30 days after hospitalization. According to a 2018 survey, nearly a third of Americans of both genders, and nearly half of women, prefer a female physician, while barely a quarter of men prefer a male doctor. It would appear that women in medicine are thriving — but we’re not.
是呀，为什么呢？近年来的两项研究表明，患者接受女性医生治疗可能比接受男性医生治疗有更好的疗效。一项研究表明，女医生的病人更有可能在心脏病发作后存活下来，另一项研究表明，女医生的病人在住院后30天内死亡或再次入院的可能性更小。根据2018年的一项调查，近三分之一的美国人以及近一半的女性更倾向女医生，而只有不到四分之一的男性更倾向男医生。医学领域的女性似乎蒸蒸日上，但事实并非如此。
Female physicians earn, on average, 20 percent less than our male colleagues; receive lower levels of funding for medical research; are exposed with appalling frequency to verbal and physical harassment in the workplace; are more likely to report feeling burned out; and are at higher risk of dying by suicide than either male physicians or women generally. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these inequalities. At a time when colorful banners proclaim health care workers heroes, female physicians feel more beleaguered than ever.
女性医生的收入平均比男性同事低20%；得到的医学研究经费更少；在工作场所遭受言语和肢体骚扰的频率惊人；更有可能报告感觉精疲力尽；而且比一般的男性医生或女性死于自杀的风险更高。新冠大流行加剧了这些不平等。当五颜六色的横幅宣告医疗工作者是英雄时，女医生却感到比以往任何时候都更为困窘。
If more women entering medicine isn’t creating more equity, what will? Promoting more women to positions of leadership would help, though that effort has to be accompanied by policies addressing harassment, child care, family leave, physician mental health, and the pay gap between male and female physicians. Even the most ambitious and intensively mentored woman won’t rise in the ranks of medicine if she’s harassed, burned out, underpaid, and unsupported at home.
如果更多女性进入医学领域都不能创造更多的公平，那还有什么能呢？提拔更多女性担任领导职位将有所帮助，尽管这一努力必须伴随着解决骚扰、儿童保育、家事假、医生心理健康以及男女医生薪酬差距等问题的政策。即使是最有抱负、受到最严格指导的女性，如果受到骚扰、精疲力竭、薪水过低、家里没有人支持，也不会在医学界获得晋升。