来源：《基督科学箴言报》
原文刊登日期：2021年6月22日
On Monday, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the NCAA which governs college sports must not limit education-related perks, such as computers or cars, for its athletes. In essence, the high court said the organization’s definition of “amateur” needs a rethink.
周一，美国最高法院裁定，管理大学体育的NCAA不得限制运动员获得与教育相关的津贴，如电脑或汽车。从本质上讲，最高法院认为NCAA对“业余”的定义需要重新考虑。
For now, the ruling implies that the National Collegiate Athletic Association may no longer prevent compensation to players under the cloak that it is protecting sports. The NCAA's argument for not paying student athletes is to preserve the amateur nature of college sports. But the argument cannot disguise the reality: “The NCAA’s business model would be flatly illegal in almost any other industry in America,” Justice Brett Kavanaugh wrote in a concurring opinion.
目前，这项裁决意味着美国大学体育协会(NCAA)可能不再以保护体育运动为幌子，阻止对运动员的补偿。NCAA不给学生运动员报酬的理由是为了保护大学体育的业余性质。但这一论点不能掩盖的事实是：“NCAA的商业模式在美国几乎任何其他行业都绝对是非法的，”大法官布雷特·卡瓦诺在一份协同意见中写道。
The ruling comes as at least six states are moving to allow college athletes to make money from their names, images, and likenesses. That trend adds to the burden of the NCAA to stop defining the amateur status of its athletes mainly by what they are not – paid professionals. The court found little evidence that fans care much about whether athletes are paid or not.
这项裁决出台之际，至少有六个州正在采取行动，允许大学运动员通过他们的名字、形象和肖像来赚钱。这一趋势增加了NCAA的负担，使其不再以不拿薪水的职业运动员来定义业余运动员的身份。法庭发现，几乎没有证据表明球迷关心运动员是否有报酬。
The ruling is only the latest challenge to sports officials worldwide to ensure the integrity of sports. The United States, for example, has joined Europe and Asia in allowing gambling on sports – and in trying to prevent the influence of criminal groups on players, coaches, and referees. Cheating scandals have rocked many sports, especially in the use of enhancement substances. Pro baseball is now contending with pitchers who doctor balls to make them spin better.
这项裁决只是对世界各地体育官员确保体育公正的最新挑战。例如，美国已加入欧洲和亚洲的行列，允许体育博彩，并努力防止犯罪集团对运动员、教练和裁判的影响。作弊丑闻震动了许多体育运动，尤其是兴奋剂的使用。职业棒球现在正与处理那些对球进行整形以使其旋转得更好的投手。
While sports bodies keep setting more rules to protect a “level playing field” in competitive sports, some have taken a different approach. After the International Olympic Committee created the World Anti-Doping Agency, that body tried to define “the spirit of sport” to help athletes make the right choices. A special panel defined the spirit of sport to be “fair play and honesty, health, excellence in performance, fun and joy, respect for self and other participants, and courage among others.”
尽管体育机构不断制定更多规则，以保护竞技体育中的“公平竞争环境”，但一些机构采取了不同的做法。国际奥委会成立世界反兴奋剂机构后，该机构试图界定“体育精神”，以帮助运动员做出正确的选择。一个特别小组将体育精神定义为“公平竞争和诚实、健康、卓越表现、乐趣和欢乐、尊重自己和其他参与者，以及勇气。”
Sports have a purity free of material interests. Michael Sandel, who teaches political philosophy at Harvard University, defines athletics as gifted “talents and powers that are not wholly our own doing, nor even fully ours, despite the efforts we expend to develop and to exercise them.”
体育运动的纯粹性不受物质利益的影响。在哈佛大学教授政治哲学的迈克尔·桑德尔将体育运动定义为天赐的“才能和力量，尽管我们付出了努力去开发和运用它们，但它们并不完全是我们自己的所作所为，甚至也不完全属于我们自己。”
Athletic competitions, he argues, must “fit with the excellences essential to the sport.” Rules for sport must make sure sports do not “fade into spectacle, a course of amusement rather than a subject of appreciation.”
他认为，体育竞赛必须“符合这项运动所必需的优秀品质”。体育运动的规则必须确保体育运动不会“由欣赏的对象退变成一种奇观，一种娱乐的过程。”
So, the NCAA and other sports bodies need to get out their chalkboards and prep for a better definition of what is purity in sports, one that ensures they remain free of profit motives, drugs, and gambling.
因此，NCAA和其他体育机构需要拿出他们的黑板，准备更好地定义什么是体育的纯洁，一个确保竞技体育没有利润动机，药品和赌博的定义。