来源：《美联社新闻》
原文刊登日期：2021年7月1日
The Supreme Court on Thursday ordered California to stop collecting the names and addresses of top donors to charities, calling the state’s requirement a “dragnet for sensitive donor information.”
美国最高法院周四下令加州停止收集慈善机构主要捐赠者的姓名和地址，称加州的要求是“对捐赠者敏感信息的网罗”。
The justices voted 6-3 along ideological lines to side with two nonprofit groups, including one with links to billionaire Charles Koch. The groups argued that California’s policy of collecting the information violates the First Amendment.
大法官们以6比3的投票结果支持两个非营利组织(支持的6票来自保守派大法官，反对的3票来自自由派大法官)，其中一个组织与亿万富翁查尔斯·科赫有联系。这两个组织认为加州收集捐赠人信息的政策违反了第一修正案。
California had defended its policy by saying that the information’s collection was necessary to prevent fraud. But Chief Justice John Roberts wrote in a majority opinion that there is a “dramatic mismatch” between California’s interest in preventing wrongdoing by charities and its donor information requirement.
加州为其政策辩护称，信息收集对于防止欺诈是必要的。但首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨在多数派意见书中写道，加州在防止慈善机构不当行为方面的兴趣与其对捐赠者信息的要求之间存在“戏剧性的不匹配”。
“The upshot is that California casts a dragnet for sensitive donor information from tens of thousands of charities each year, even though that information will become relevant in only a small number of cases involving filed complaints,” Roberts wrote. He later added: “We have no trouble concluding here that the Attorney General’s disclosure requirement is overbroad.”
罗伯茨写道:“结果是，加州每年都会从数万家慈善机构搜罗敏感的捐赠者信息，尽管这些信息只会在少数涉及诉讼的案件中起作用。”他后来补充说:“我们可以毫不费力地得出结论，加州司法部长的披露要求过于宽泛。”
In a dissent for the court’s three liberals, Justice Sonia Sotomayor warned of the decision’s consequences. “Regulated entities who wish to avoid their obligations can do so by vaguely waving toward First Amendment ‘privacy concerns,’” she said.
大法官索尼娅·索托马约尔代表最高法院三位自由派撰写反对意见书，警告了该决定的后果。她说:“受监管的实体如果想逃避自己的披露义务，可以含糊地以第一修正案的‘隐私问题’为借口。”
California had required all charities that collect money from state residents to give the state an IRS form identifying their largest contributors. The information is not supposed to be disclosed publicly.
加州曾要求所有向该州居民募集资金的慈善机构向该州提供一份美国国税局表格，说明其最大捐赠者。这些信息不会被公开。
The two groups that had challenged California’s requirements are the Thomas More Law Center and the Americans for Prosperity Foundation, a charitable organization connected to the primary political organization supported by Koch. Koch’s organizations have spent hundreds of millions of dollars supporting Republican candidates and conservative policies, making them frequent targets of attacks by Democrats.
质疑加州披露要求的两个团体是托马斯·莫尔法律中心和美国繁荣基金会，后者是一个与科赫支持的主要政治组织有联系的慈善组织。科赫的政治组织花费了数亿美元来支持共和党候选人和保守派政策，这使它们经常成为民主党人攻击的目标。
Both groups argued that their contributors had in the past suffered harassment and threats and that California had in the past let the donor information become public.
两个组织都辩称，他们的捐赠者过去曾遭受骚扰和威胁，加州过去曾将捐赠者的信息公开。
In a statement, an attorney for the Thomas More Law Center called Thursday a “great day.” Americans for Prosperity Foundation CEO Emily Seidel said in a statement that the decision: “protects Americans from being forced to choose between staying safe or speaking up.”
托马斯·莫尔法律中心的一名律师在一份声明中称周四是“伟大的一天”。美国繁荣基金会首席执行官艾米丽·塞德尔在一份声明中表示，这一决定“保护了美国人，使他们不必被迫在保持安全和公开表态之间做出选择。”
California Attorney General Rob Bonta said he was disappointed by the decision. “My office has the responsibility to protect charitable assets for their intended use and ensure that donations go towards their intended purpose. Stripping our office of confidential access to donor information will make it harder for the State to fight fraud and prevent the misuse of charitable contributions,” he said in a statement.
加州司法部长Bonta表示，他对该决定感到失望。“我的公职有责任保护慈善资产达到预期用途，并确保捐赠达到预期目的。剥夺我们机密获取捐赠者信息的职责，将使加州更难打击欺诈，预防慈善捐款滥用，”他在一份声明中表示。